Typologies
Translanguaging Texts
Texts written primarily in English, with some LOTE.
Bilingual Texts
Books where the entire text is provided in both English and LOTE, typically on different parts of the page or on separate pages.
Hairs/Pelitos
Abuelita Full of Life/Abuelita llena de vida
Sonia Sotomayor: A judge grows in the Bronx/la juez que creció en el Bronx
Mirror
Character Driven Concurrent Translation
This category refers to texts written primarily in English in which characters are explicitly teaching each other LOTE or English words or phrases. The characters or narrator will at times directly translate the word or phrase that is being taught, though sometimes the definition is implied through context.
Comprehensive Text and Illustration Integration
This category refers to texts written primarily in English that fluidly integrate LOTE words and phrases in the text, illustrations, and dialogue, using a variety of translanguaging strategies. The authors may or may not provide translations of the LOTE words and phrases.
Rudas: Niño's Horrendous Hermanitas
Vamos! Let's Cross the Bridge
Bindiya in India
Dear Primo: A Letter to My Cousin
Concurrent Translation
This category refers to texts written primarily in English that provide immediate, in-text English translations of their LOTE words or phrases.
Chef Roy Choi and the Street Food Remix
Birdsong
Diego Rivera, His World and Ours
We Are Grateful: Otsaliheliga
Illustrations Only
This category refers to texts written primarily in English where the only use of LOTE occurs within the illustrations. The LOTE words and phrases may or may not be concurrently translated.
No Concurrent Translation
This category refers to texts written primarily in English that do not provide English translations of their LOTE words or phrases. Instead, the definition is implied through the context of the story.
Crescent Moons and Pointed Minarets: A Muslim Book of Shapes
Between Us and Abuela: A Family Story from the Border
La Princesa and the Pea
La Madre Goose: Nursery Rhymes for Los Niños
With LOTE Used Within English Text
This category refers to bilingual books that integrate LOTE words or phrases in the English text. These LOTE words or phrases may or may not be directly translated within the English text. Typically, there are not English words or phrases used in the LOTE text.
Sonia Sotomayor: A judge grows in the Bronx/la juez que creció en el Bronx
My Diary from here to There/Mi diario de aquí hasta allá
The Upside Down Boy/El niño de cabeza
What can you do with a paleta?
With LOTE Used in Illustrations
This category refers to bilingual books that use LOTE words or phrases within the illustrations. These LOTE words or phrases are not usually translated to English.
Without Translanguaging
This category refers to bilingual texts that do not use LOTE in the English text or English in the LOTE text. While they could be well-suited for use in a classroom using a translanguaging pedagogy, the authors themselves do not translanguage.
